Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Issues: An Encyclopedia by Bruce E. Johansen Professor of Communication and Native American Studies University of Nebraska at Omaha Contents (2/4/2002) * Preface * Introduction * Argentina: o Introduction o The Kollas' Struggle for Land Tenure o The Argentine Mapuche and Oil Contamination o The Wichís' Opposition to Hydroelectric Development * Australian Aborigines: o Uranium Mining and Nuclear Testing o Aboriginals Oppose Gold Mining in New South Wales * Bangladesh: Gas Well Explosion * Belize: The Mopan and Kekchi Oppose Industrial-scale Logging * Biodiversity and Indigenous Environmentalism * Bolivia: Indigenous Peoples, Logging Concessions, Oil Exploration, and Toxic Spills * Botswana: End of the Line for the Khwe (Kalahari Bushmen) * Brazil: o Introduction o The Toll of Dam-building on Indigenous Peoples o Accelerating Deforestation in the Amazon Valley o Chico Mendes and the Indigenous Rubber Workers o The Apinaje, Kraho, Xerente, Tapuia, Awe, and Karaja, Logging, River Re-routing, and Fish Kills o The Apurina, Paurmari, Deni, and Juma Protest Oil-and-gas Pipelines o The Guaranis Assert Rights to Their Land Amidst a Wave of Suicides o The Kaiapo, Greenpeace, and Mahogany Logging o The Panara: Road-building, Imported Diseases, and Genocide o The Pataxo Take Back Their Land o Mercury Poisoning and Amazon Gold Mining o The Yanomami and the Gold Rush * Burma (Myanmar): o Forced Labor in the World's Last Teak Forest + Introduction + History of Burma's Junta and the Burmese Teak Harvest + Testimonies of Torture + The Junta Disowns Its Own Policies + Oil Corporations and Forced Labor * Cambodia: o Deforestation Spurs Indigenous Pressure o Protecting Resin Trees * Cameroon: The Pygmies Lose Their Homes to Industrial-scale Logging * Canada: o Introduction o The Crees and Hydro Quebec's Electric Dreams o The Pimicikamak Cree of Manitoba Imperiled by Hydropower o Dioxins' Destination: The Inuit and Persistent Organic Pollutants o The Inuit and Toxic Waste Dumps o The Lubicon, Land Rights, and Resource Exploitation o Uranium Mining Decimates the Dene o The Kanesatake Mohawks Debate Niobrium Mining o The Halfway River Nation of British Columbia Resists an Oil and Gas Pipeline, and Tourist Development o The Taku River Tlingit First Nation of British Columbia Resists Zinc, Copper, Gold, and Silver Mining o Labrador's Innu and Industrialism's Intrusions o Military Test Flights Ruin Innu Hunting o The Innu Weigh Hydroelectric Development and Aluminum Smelting o The Innu Battle a Sulfide Mine o Water Pollution Afflicts the Ouje-Bougoumou Cree o The Dogrib First Nation Questions Diamond Mining o The Ojibway Resist Black Bear Poaching * Chad: The Pygmies, and Others, Meet an Oil Pipeline * Chile: The Pehuenche, Mapuches, o Logging, Dam Building, and Land Rights * Climate Change and Indigenous Environmentalism: o Introduction o The First International Forum of Indigenous Peoples on Climate Change o The Inuit, in the Arctic o Small Island Nations: Waiting to Drown * Colombia: o Introduction o The U'wa: Mass Suicide as an Alternative to Oil Exploration o The Underside of U.S. Anti-drug Spraying o The Emberas' Conflicts with Dam Construction o The Tabaco and Coal Strip Mining * Congo Basin: Deforestation at "Alarming Rates" * Costa Rica: Several Indigenous Peoples Resist Central America's Largest Dam, Bauxite Mining, and an Aluminum Smelter * Dam Sites and Indigenous Peoples * Ecology, Native American Conceptions * Ecuador: Several Native Peoples o Oppose Oil Drilling in the Amazon Valley and an Oil Pipeline Over the Andes * Eritrea: The Tigre, Beni Amer, Hidareb, and Kunama Tribes Face Deforestation of Their Homelands * Fiji: The Namosi, Serua, Nadroga, and Rewa Fight a Proposed Copper Mine * Forest Stewardship Council * French Polynesia: o The Te Ao Maohi Moorea Rally a Canoe Blockade Against Dredging of a Lagoon * Ghana: Indigenous Peoples Suffer Gold-mining Tailings Spills * Guam: The Chamorros Face Military PCB Pollution * Guatemala: o Introduction o The Maya Achi Protest Hydroelectric Flooding o The Champericos' Wetlands Ruined by Shrimp Farming o Oil Exploration in the Mayan Biosphere Reserve * Guyana: o Introduction o The Isseneru Suffer Mercury Poisoning from Gold Mining o The Akawaio Nation Seeks a Land Base Before it is Logged Away * Honduras: o Murder Follows Protest of Dam Construction o The Spread of Gold-mining Concessions * India: o Introduction o Imported Diseases on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands o Uranium Poisoning in the Jharkand Tribal Belt of Bihar o Deaths in Protests of Bauxite Mining o Enron, Veldur, and Sky-High Electric Rates from Natural Gas o Saying "No" to the Narmada Dam Complex * Indigenous Environmentalism and Economic Development * Indonesia: o Introduction o Rapid Deforestation in Indonesia o The Penan Obstruct Logging o The Sojourn of Bruno Manser o Attack of the Sun Bears o The Ex-Headhunters' Bed and Breakfast o Armed Resistance to Development in East Kalimantan o Gold Mining and Water Supplies in East Kalimantan o The Dayaks Resist the Industrial Gold Rush o Traditional Dayak Gold-ming Practices o Submarine Tailings Disposal (STD) o Forest Management and Indigenous Peoples on Java o The Bataks Shut Down Pulp and Paper Manufacturing in North Sumatra o Allegations of Corporate Torture in Aceh, Sumatra o The Toll of Logging, Pearl Harvesting and Tourism on Togean * Irian Jaya/Papua New Guinea: o Introduction o Freeport's Grasberg Mine: Tidal Waves of Waste o Dam Development in West Papua o The Moi, Logging and Mining in West Papua * Kenya: o Introduction o The Kwale Object to Titanium Mining o The Maasai Fight Land Expropriation for Military Testing o The Ogiek "Honey Hunters" Forced From the Rift Valley * Marianas Islands: Indigenous Peoples and PCB Contamination * The Marshall Islands and Nuclear Testing * Mexico: o Introduction o The Maya and Oil Exploitation in Chiapas o The Huicholes Live With Pesticides Around the Clock o Silver Mining and Lead Poisoning Children o The Tepoztlan Golf Course "Water War" * Mother Earth, as Ecological Metaphor * New Zealand's Maori and the Western Worldview * Nicaragua's Mayagna(Sumo) Battle Illegal Logging and Catalogue Endangered Species * Nigeria: The Ogoni: Oil, Blood, and the Death of a Homeland o Repression by the "Kill and Go" o Oil Spills and Wastelands o The Death of Friday Nwiido o The Travail of Ogoniland Continues * Noble Savage, "the Ecological Indian" (As Ecological Image or Stereotype) * Pakistan: The Kafir-Kalashs' Land Sullied by Tourism * Panama's Ngobe Bugle Win Land Title While Resisting Mining * Peru: o Introduction o Indigenous Peoples, Gold Mining, and Mercury Poisoning o A Lead Smelter Fouls the Air at La Oroya o Indigenous Protests of Oil Exploration o The Urarina(Kachá), Oil Development, Disease Importation, and "Hippie" Tourists in the Peruvian Amazon o The Camisea Natural Gas Project o Illegal Logging Inundates the Nahua o The Aguaruna Take Their Land by Force * Philippines: o Introduction o Copper Mine Tailings Inundate Indigenous Villages o Damming the Ibalois' Sacred River o Gold Mining Amidst Poverty in Luzon's Cordillera o Mindanao's Lumads: Logging, Mining Wastes, and Evictions o Marinduque Islanders Cope with Copper-mining Tailings Spills o Nickel and Cobalt Mining and Midaro Island's Mangyan, Alangan, and Tadyawan Peoples * Russia (Siberia): o Introduction o The Evenk and the Khanty: Oil and Reindeer Don't Mix o The Environmental Legacy of Soviet-era Policies o The Nenets of the Yamal Peninsula: A Flood of Unwanted Natural Gas o The Oil Rush on Sakhalin Island * The South Pacific: o Introduction o New Caledonia's Kanaky Nickel Mine o The Mataiva, Nauru, and Banaba Islands: Sacrificed for Phosphate Mining o The Solomon Islands: Indigenous Peoples Relocated for Gold Mining and Logging * Sri Lanka's "Forest Beings" Face Hydro-power and Logging * Suriname: The Maroons of Nieuw Koffiekamp, Gold Mining, and Logging * Native American Thanksgiving Cycle: Ecological Perspectives * Thailand: o Introduction o Indigenous Peoples in the Power House o The Lahu and Hmong Face an Inundation of "Lowlanders" o The Karen and the Toll of Lead Poisoning * Tibet: o Introduction o China's Tibetan Railway o A Monk Pays the Price of Protesting Gold Mining * Turkey, the Kurds, and Dam Building * United States of America: o Akwesasne: The Land of the Toxic Turtles o Tribal Concerns Regarding the Great Lakes o The Penobscots Endure Organochlorine Contamination o The Yaquis: Borders Don't Stop Pesticide Contamination o The Point Hope Eskimos: An Atomic Harbor and a Nuclear Dump as a Neighbor o The Gwich'in, the Caribou, and Oil in the Arctic Wildlife Refuge o Don't Eat the Reindeer o Bombs Away in the Aleutian Islands o Uranium Mining, Havasupai Sacred Sites, and the Grand Canyon o Turning Black Mesa to Coal Slurry o The Quechans' Golden Future o A Village of Tents and Tipis Block a Nuclear Dump in California's Ward Valley o Florida's Seminoles: A Building Code as Assimilative Tool o Coeur d'Alenes Demand Cleanup of Mining Waste in Idaho o The High Price of Uranium in Navajo Country o The Navajo Medicine Men's Association, Lake Powell, and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning o Montana's Gros Ventre and Assiniboine, Gold Mining, and Cyanide Poisoning o The Northern Cheyenne Question Methane Gas Extraction o The Environmental Economy of Kitty-Litter Strip Mining o The Western Shoshone: "The Most Bombed Nation on Earth." o The Isleta Pueblo Tastes Albuquerque's Effluent o The Laguna Pueblo and Anaconda's Jackpile Uranium Mine o The Zuni, Sacred Waters, and Coal Strip Mining o The Oklahoma Cherokee Resist Dumping of Toxic Ash o Uranium Tailings Pollute South Dakota's Black Hills o Utah's Goshute Welcome Uranium Fuel Storage, for a Price o The Makah Test Their Whaling Rights o Fishing Rights: The Usual and Accustomed Places o Washington State's Yakamas and Hanford's Radioactive Legacy o Western Shoshone + Yucca Mountain: Nuclear Storage at the Serpent Swimming West + The Politics of Nuclear-waste Disposal o Wisconsin's Chippewas: Sulfide Mining v. Treaty Rights o Native Peoples Line up Against Yellowstone National Park's "Buffalo Cull" * Venezuela: o Introduction o The Pemon, Permission, and Power Transmission o Venezuela's Waraos Resist Oil Development * Yemen's Jahm Pierce Pipelines * Zambia: Blaming "the Poor" for Deforestation * Zimbabwe and Botswana: An Alliance with Wildlife